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Creators/Authors contains: "Hooley, Jill"

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  1. ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ( , Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience)
    Abstract

    The goal of this study was to examine the relation between real-world socio-emotional measures and neural activation to parental criticism, a salient form of social threat for adolescents. This work could help us understand why heightened neural reactivity to social threat consistently emerges as a risk factor for internalizing psychopathology in youth. We predicted that youth with higher reactivity to parental criticism (vs neutral comments) in the subgenual anterior cingulate cortex (sgACC), amygdala and anterior insula would experience (i) less happiness in daily positive interpersonal situations and (ii) more sadness and anger in daily negative interpersonal situations. Participants (44 youth aged 11–16 years with a history of anxiety) completed a 10-day ecological momentary assessment protocol and a neuroimaging task in which they listened to audio clips of their parents’ criticism and neutral comments. Mixed-effects models tested associations between neural activation to critical (vs neutral) feedback and emotions in interpersonal situations. Youth who exhibited higher activation in the sgACC to parental criticism reported less happiness during daily positive interpersonal situations. No significant neural predictors of negative emotions (e.g. sadness and anger) emerged. These findings provide evidence of real-world correlates of neural reactivity to social threat that may have important clinical implications.

     
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  2. ; ; ; ; ; ( , International Journal of Eating Disorders)
    Abstract Objective

    Eating disordered (ED) behaviors (i.e., binge eating, compensatory behaviors, restrictive eating) and nonsuicidal self‐injury (NSSI; intentional and nonsuicidal self‐harm) are highly comorbid and share several similarities, including consequent pain and physical damage. However, whereas NSSI is considered direct self‐harm, ED behaviors are considered indirect self‐harm. These distinctions stem from theoretical understanding that NSSI is enacted to cause physical harm in the moment, whereas ED behaviors are enacted for other reasons, with consequent physical harm occurring downstream of the behaviors. We sought to build on these theoretically informed classifications by assessing a range of self‐harming intentions across NSSI and ED behaviors.

     Method

    Study recruitment was conducted via online forums. After screening for inclusion criteria, 151 adults reported on their intent to and knowledge of causing physical harm in the short‐ and long‐term and suicide and death related cognitions and intentions when engaging in NSSI and specific ED behaviors.

     Results

    Participants reported engaging in ED and NSSI behaviors with intent to hurt themselves physically in the moment and long‐term, alongside thoughts of suicide, and with some hope and knowledge of dying sooner due to these behaviors. Distinctions across behaviors also emerged. Participants reported greater intent to cause physical harm in the moment via NSSI and in the long‐run via restrictive eating. NSSI and restrictive eating were associated with stronger endorsement of most suicide and death‐related intentions than binge eating or compensatory behaviors.

     Conclusions

    Findings shed light on classification of self‐harming behaviors, casting doubt that firm boundaries differentiate direct and indirectly self‐harming behaviors.

     
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